How to Spot Fake People: 11 Signs to Watch For

Why Is It Hard to Recognise Insincere Behaviour?

It can be difficult to recognise insincere behaviour when someone’s actions are not always the same. They may be thoughtful in one situation and dismissive in another. You might enjoy their company but feel uncomfortable about certain things they say or do.

This can leave you unsure about how to understand the relationship. You may remember the good moments and question whether the uncomfortable ones were important. Sometimes you give someone another chance because you don’t want to judge them unfairly.

Consider someone who is friendly and welcoming when you meet in a group but rarely acknowledges you when you need their cooperation. You might initially think they are simply busy or distracted. If the same behaviour continues, however, you may begin to question whether the friendship is as mutual as you thought.

There is a reason first impressions can be difficult to judge. People naturally present themselves differently depending on the situation. Sociologist Erving Goffman explored this in his 1959 book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. He described how people manage the impressions they give others during everyday interactions. This is a normal part of social life; it does not mean that everyone who presents themselves positively is being dishonest. us.¹

Research by Bailey and Iyengar, published in Current Opinion in Psychology, also examined the relationship between authenticity and honesty. Their review explains that being authentic and being honest are related ideas, but they are not always the same thing. This is an important distinction when judging someone’s behaviour: appearing natural or confident does not automatically tell you whether that person is honest.²

From a relationship perspective, it helps to look beyond how someone presents themselves. Notice how they behave when there is a disagreement, when plans change, or when they have to take responsibility for something.

You don’t need to decide what someone is thinking. Pay attention to what they actually do and whether the same problems keep coming up.

If you find yourself questioning your reactions during these interactions, learning about emotional awareness may help you identify what is bothering you without immediately blaming yourself or the other person.

What Does It Mean When Someone Is Fake?

When people talk about fake people, they usually mean someone whose behaviour does not match the image they present to others.

For example, a person may describe themselves as fair and respectful but regularly take credit for work they did not complete. Another may talk about being supportive while dismissing other people’s concerns whenever those concerns become inconvenient.

The problem is not that someone behaves differently in every social setting. You may be more reserved at work and more relaxed with close friends. That is normal. What deserves attention is a repeated gap between someone’s words, actions, and treatment of others.

It helps to look at three areas:

• Honesty: Do they give accurate information, or do important details keep changing when you ask questions?
• Consistency: Do their actions generally match the commitments they make?
• Respect: Do they consider other people’s feelings, privacy, and personal boundaries?

Research on interpersonal trust supports the importance of looking at more than someone’s public image. A 2023 meta-analysis by Hancock and colleagues, published in Frontiers in Psychology, examined 338 studies and 2,185 effect sizes. It explored several factors related to interpersonal trust, including the characteristics of the person being trusted, the person placing trust, and the situation in which they interact. The findings highlight that trust is shaped by several factors rather than one visible behaviour.³

This is why one unpleasant conversation or broken promise is not enough to establish that someone is fake. People make mistakes, misunderstand each other, and sometimes fail to meet expectations.

A more useful question is whether the person recognises the problem when you raise it and makes a reasonable effort to address it.

You can also read about people who act friendly to explore the difference between friendly behaviour and genuine interest in a relationship.

Fake Friends vs. Genuine Friends

The difference between fake friends and genuine friends is not that one group makes mistakes and the other doesn’t. Both can disappoint you, disagree with you, or become unavailable when life gets busy.

What matters is how they treat the friendship over time.

For example, a friend may not be able to attend an important event, but they explain why and make an effort to stay connected. Another person may repeatedly make plans, cancel without explanation, and expect you to continue making time whenever they become available.

One situation may have a reasonable explanation. A repeated pattern deserves more attention.

Here are some differences worth noticing:

A genuine friend does not have to agree with everything you say or be available whenever you need them. They have their own responsibilities, feelings, and limitations.

The difference is whether both people have room to express themselves without one person repeatedly dismissing the other’s needs.

If you are unsure about a friendship, consider how disagreements are handled. Can you explain that something bothered you without the conversation always turning into an argument about your character? Can both of you admit when something could have been handled better?

These details tell you more about the quality of a friendship than how often someone compliments you or how friendly they appear in public.

A healthy friendship does not require perfection. It requires honesty, respect, and a willingness to address problems rather than repeatedly ignoring them.

11 Signs of Fake People

Fake people can be difficult to recognise because they don’t always behave badly. Someone may be friendly when you meet, offer help when they need something, or speak kindly about friendship. But their actions may not match what they say.

You might notice that they make promises they don’t keep, share things you’ve told them privately, or treat you differently when other people are around.

One mistake doesn’t make someone fake. People forget things, have disagreements, and sometimes disappoint each other. What matters is whether the same behaviour keeps happening and whether the person makes an effort to put things right.

Here are 11 signs of fake people to look out for.

1. Their Words and Actions Don’t Match

Someone tells you that you can count on them, but they rarely do what they promise. They agree to help, make plans, or offer support, but you often end up waiting or reminding them.

For example, a friend may promise to help you prepare for an event but cancel at the last minute without explaining why. If this happens regularly, you may start questioning how much you can rely on them.

People can have genuine reasons for changing plans. The difference is whether they explain what happened and make an effort to avoid the same problem next time.

Pay attention to what someone does after making a promise, not just what they say when they make it.

2. They Show Interest Mainly When They Need Something

You may have someone in your life who contacts you whenever they need advice, help, or a favour. You listen to their problems and make time for them, but when you want to talk, they seem less interested.

Over time, you might notice that most conversations revolve around their needs.

Asking for help doesn’t make someone a fake friend. The concern is when they rarely show interest in your life unless they want something from you.

A friendship should leave room for both people to talk, ask for help, and share what is happening in their lives.

3. They Share Other People’s Private Information

Someone tells you about another person’s personal problems, family matters, or private conversations. They may say they are only sharing the information because they trust you or want your opinion.

But consider whether that person has given permission for their story to be shared.

If someone talks freely about other people’s private lives, you may wonder whether they treat your conversations with the same care.

You don’t have to argue with them. You can simply avoid sharing personal details that you wouldn’t want repeated elsewhere.

4. They Show Concern but Avoid Taking Responsibility

Some people are quick to offer comforting words when someone is upset. They say they understand, express sympathy, and appear willing to listen.

However, when their own actions are part of the problem, they may avoid discussing what they did.

For example, someone damages an item you lent them. Instead of discussing how to replace it, they keep saying that they understand why you’re upset.

The problem isn’t a lack of comforting words. It’s the lack of responsibility.

When someone has made a mistake, notice whether they acknowledge it and try to put things right. Saying the right thing is not enough if their actions never change.

5. They Dismiss Your Concerns When You Speak Up

You tell someone that a comment hurt your feelings, but they respond by saying you’re too sensitive or that you cannot take a joke.

You may then find yourself explaining why the comment bothered you instead of discussing what they actually said.

This can be frustrating, especially when you were trying to have a simple conversation.

People don’t always understand how their words affect others. However, if someone repeatedly turns your concerns into an argument about your personality, the original problem never gets addressed.

Notice whether they try to understand your point, even when they disagree with you.

6. They Turn Conversations Into Competitions

You share some good news, but the other person quickly starts talking about something they have achieved.

For example, you tell a friend that you’ve started a new course. Instead of asking about it, they begin explaining why their own course is more difficult or valuable.

This can happen occasionally without being a problem. Some people simply enjoy talking about their experiences.

But if they regularly turn your achievements, problems, or opinions into comparisons, you may feel that there is little room for you in the conversation.

A friendship should allow both people to share their experiences without constantly competing for attention.

7. Their Behaviour Changes Depending on Who Is Around

Someone may be friendly when you’re alone but barely acknowledge you when they are with a different group of people.

For example, a person who regularly talks to you may suddenly act distant when more popular colleagues or acquaintances join the conversation.

People naturally behave differently in different social settings. That doesn’t automatically make them dishonest.

The concern is when someone repeatedly ignores you, puts you down, or treats you with less respect because of who else is present.

Pay attention to whether they treat you with basic respect regardless of who is watching.

8. They Use Personal Information Against You

You share something personal with someone because you trust them. Later, during an argument, they bring up that information to embarrass you or make you feel bad.

For example, you once told a friend about a financial mistake you made. During a disagreement, they bring it up to suggest that you cannot make sensible decisions.

This can be particularly upsetting because you shared that information expecting it to remain private.

Notice whether someone respects what you’ve told them, even when you’re having a disagreement. If they repeatedly use personal details against you, think carefully about what you share with them in the future.

9. They Disregard Your Boundaries

You tell someone that you cannot take on another responsibility, but they keep asking until you feel pressured to agree.

Or you explain that you don’t want to discuss a personal matter, yet they continue asking questions.

Sometimes people need clarification about what you are comfortable with. But repeatedly ignoring a clear answer is different.

Notice how someone responds when you say no. Do they respect your decision, or do they make you feel guilty for not agreeing?

You don’t need to give a long explanation every time you decline something. You can be polite and still be clear about what you are comfortable with.

10. You Often Feel Uncomfortable After Interacting With Them

After spending time with someone, you may find yourself thinking about things they said. Perhaps they made an unnecessary comment, brought up something personal, or turned a normal conversation into an argument.

One uncomfortable interaction doesn’t tell you whether someone is fake. You may have misunderstood each other or had different expectations.

However, if you regularly leave conversations feeling embarrassed, blamed, or unheard, it is worth looking at what happened.

Ask yourself:

• Do they often make comments that put me down?
• Do I feel that I have to defend ordinary decisions?
• Can I disagree with them without being insulted?
• Do they listen when I explain that something bothers me?

Your discomfort doesn’t prove that someone has bad intentions, but it can help you recognise problems in the relationship.

If you find it difficult to understand your reactions, our guide to emotional awareness may help you put your feelings into words.

11. Their Apologies Are Not Followed by Change

Someone apologises after upsetting you, and you decide to move forward. But after some time, the same problem happens again.

For example, a friend repeatedly cancels plans at the last minute. Each time, they apologise and promise to give you more notice, but their behaviour stays the same.

An apology doesn’t need perfect words to be genuine. People sometimes struggle to explain themselves when they know they’ve made a mistake.

What matters is whether they understand the problem and make an effort to handle things differently.

If someone keeps apologising but never addresses the behaviour that upset you, it becomes difficult to rely on their promises.

You can also read our guide to manipulative apology patterns to understand how some apologies shift attention away from the actual problem.

Why Do Some People Behave Insincerely?

People don’t always show their real thoughts or intentions in the way they behave. Some agree with others because they want to be liked. Others hide their opinions because they are afraid of disagreement. There are also people who act friendly because they expect something in return.

For example, someone may agree with every decision in a group but privately complain about those same decisions. They may be trying to avoid conflict or maintain a good image. You cannot know their reason just from watching them, but you can notice the difference between what they say and what they do.

There are several reasons why people may behave this way:

• Fear of rejection: They may hide their opinions because they worry about how others will react.
• Need for approval: They may agree with people even when they have a different view because they want to be accepted.
• Insecurity: They may exaggerate their achievements or compare themselves with others to feel more confident.
• Personal benefit: They may build relationships mainly to get help, money, attention, or useful connections.
• Avoiding responsibility: They may make excuses or blame others rather than admit when they have made a mistake.

These are possible explanations, not a way to identify someone’s personality or diagnose their behaviour. A person may act differently for several reasons, and you may never know exactly what is behind their choices.

There is also a difference between someone who struggles to express themselves and someone who repeatedly misleads others for personal gain.

You don’t need to work out someone’s hidden motives before deciding whether their behaviour is acceptable to you. Look at what they do, how they treat others, and whether they take responsibility when something goes wrong.

Can Body Language Tell You If Someone Is Fake?

You may have heard that fake people avoid eye contact, touch their face while speaking, or smile when they are lying. These are common beliefs, but body language cannot reliably tell you whether someone is genuine.

For example, someone may avoid eye contact because they feel shy or uncomfortable. Another person may look directly at you while giving an untrue answer. Neither action proves anything on its own.

Research by DePaulo and colleagues, published in Psychological Bulletin, examined 158 possible signs of deception across a large body of research.⁴ The findings showed that many commonly discussed signs of lying were weak or unreliable. Some behaviours had a connection with deception, but none provided a dependable way to identify a lie on its own.

This is why judging someone by their smile, eye movements, or facial expressions can lead to mistakes.

Instead, pay attention to what happens during your conversations:

• Does the information they give you remain consistent?
• Can they explain something clearly when you ask questions?
• Do they admit when they have made a mistake?
• Do their actions match the promises they make?

Even these things need context. Someone may forget a detail or explain something poorly without deliberately lying.

How Inconsistent Relationships Can Affect You Emotionally

When someone’s behaviour keeps changing, you may find it difficult to know what to expect from the relationship.

Perhaps you used to speak openly with them, but now you think carefully before sharing your opinions. You may avoid certain subjects because previous conversations ended in arguments or left you feeling misunderstood.

You might notice some changes in your own behaviour:

• You keep thinking about conversations after they have ended.
• You hesitate before sharing personal information.
• You avoid raising problems because you don’t want another disagreement.
• You feel uncomfortable asking the person for help.
• You sometimes question whether your expectations are reasonable.

These experiences can be tiring, especially when you still care about the person and want the relationship to work.

Research by Cameron and Overall, published in Emotion, examined how people express or hide their feelings during everyday interactions. Their studies found that emotional expression and suppression were related to relationship experiences and satisfaction.⁵

This research does not mean that every difficult relationship leads to emotional problems. It does, however, highlight why being able to express your feelings can matter when maintaining close relationships.

Think about your own conversations. Do you feel comfortable explaining what bothers you, or do you usually keep quiet because you expect the discussion to become difficult?

You don’t have to share everything with another person. But if you regularly hide your feelings to avoid their reaction, it may be worth looking at what is happening between you.

You can also read our guide to emotional awareness to learn more about recognising your feelings and understanding your reactions.

Mistakes to Avoid When Judging Someone’s Character

When someone disappoints you, you may start questioning whether they are a genuine person. But making a quick judgment can lead to misunderstandings, especially when you don’t know the full situation.

Here are some common mistakes to avoid.

Judging Someone by One Bad Experience

A person may forget something important, speak rudely, or fail to keep a promise. It can be disappointing, but one incident doesn’t tell you everything about their character.

Look at what happens afterwards. Do they acknowledge the problem and try to make things right?

Assuming Friendly People Are Always Genuine

A friendly person isn’t automatically honest, but being polite or cheerful doesn’t make someone fake either.

Give people time to show how they treat others in different situations.

Expecting Everyone to Agree With You

Someone can disagree with your choices without being dishonest. People have different opinions, priorities, and ways of looking at things.

Pay attention to how they express disagreement rather than expecting them to share your views.

Treating Every Disappointment as Betrayal

People sometimes have to change plans, turn down requests, or give attention to other responsibilities.

Before deciding that someone has let you down deliberately, consider what happened and whether they explained their decision.

Assuming You Are Always Right

It is also important to look at your own behaviour. You may have misunderstood a comment, expected something that was never agreed upon, or reacted more strongly than you intended.

Being willing to recognise your own mistakes makes it easier to judge other people’s behaviour fairly.

You don’t have to excuse repeated disrespect. The aim is to understand what actually happened rather than making a decision based on one difficult moment.

How to Recognise Genuine Behaviour Without Playing Games

You don’t need to set traps, make up stories, or pretend to be upset to find out whether someone is genuine. These actions can make relationships more confusing instead of helping you understand them.

A better approach is to give the relationship time and notice how the person behaves in ordinary situations.

Notice Whether They Keep Their Promises

Small commitments can tell you something about how a person treats their responsibilities.

For example, someone agrees to return a borrowed book by the end of the week. If they cannot return it on time, do they let you know, or do you have to keep asking?

People can forget things. What matters is whether they communicate honestly when plans change.

See How They Handle Disagreements

You learn a lot about a relationship when two people have different opinions.

For example, you may disagree with a friend about a decision that affects both of you. A genuine person can explain their point of view without making personal comments or insulting yours.

You don’t have to reach the same conclusion to have a respectful conversation.

Notice How They Treat People Around Them

Pay attention to how someone treats people who have less experience, authority, or influence.

For example, watch how they speak to a new employee who needs help understanding a task. Do they explain things patiently, or make the person feel foolish for asking?

One interaction doesn’t tell you everything, but repeated behaviour can help you understand how they treat others.

Take Your Time Building Trust

You don’t have to share your most personal experiences when you first become friends with someone.

Start with ordinary conversations and allow the relationship to develop. Notice whether the person respects your privacy and treats what you share with care.

Trust takes time. You are allowed to decide how much you want to share as the relationship grows.

Pay Attention to What Happens After a Mistake

Everyone makes mistakes, including people who genuinely care about you.

The important thing is whether they can discuss what happened, accept their part, and make an effort to avoid repeating the same problem.

You should be willing to do the same when you make a mistake.

A genuine relationship doesn’t require perfect behaviour. It requires honesty and a willingness to work through problems.

How can you test if someone is genuine without being toxic?

Slowing down, establishing modest boundaries, observing how they respond to “no,” and figuring out whether their behaviour is constant when they receive nothing are all ways to assess sincerity. This isn’t manipulation. Before granting deeper access to your life, it is emotional due diligence.

Playing games, snooping, or trapping is not considered healthy testing. It’s just giving reality a chance to speak.

Try this gentle framework:

1. The Consistency Test

Watch whether their words match their actions across time.

Ask yourself:

• Do they do what they say?
• Are they kind when no one is watching?
• Do they remember what matters to me?
• Do they show up without needing applause?

2. The Boundary Test

Say a simple no. Then watch their response.

A genuine person may feel disappointed, but they will not punish you. A fake person may guilt-trip, mock, withdraw affection, or make you feel selfish.

3. The Accountability Test

Bring up a small hurt calmly.

A genuine person tries to understand. A fake person turns the conversation into your fault.

4. The Privacy Test

Share slowly, not deeply, all at once.

A genuine person protects your trust. A fake person collects your secrets too quickly and may use them later.

5. The Pressure Test

Notice whether they rush closeness.

Real connection can grow slowly. A fake connection often pushes for fast intimacy because speed reduces discernment.

Simple Framework to Spot Fake People

• W — Words
• A — Actions
• T — Timing
• C — Consistency
• H — How You Feel

How Fake Behaviour Appears in Different Relationships

Insincere behaviour can appear in friendships, romantic relationships, and workplaces. The situations may be different, but the main concern is often the same: someone’s actions don’t match what you have been led to expect.

Romantic Relationships

In romantic relationships, you may become unsure about someone’s intentions when their promises about the future don’t match their present actions.

For example, someone may talk about building a future together but avoid discussing practical matters whenever you try to make plans. They may speak about commitment without being clear about what they actually want.

Not everyone unsure about the future is being fake. People can have different priorities and may need time to make decisions.

The concern is when someone repeatedly makes promises to keep you interested but avoids honest conversations about the relationship.

Ask yourself:

• Can we talk openly about what we both want?
• Do their actions match the commitments they make?
• Can I ask questions without being made to feel guilty?
• Are both of us making an effort to understand the relationship?

You should be able to discuss your expectations without feeling that asking for clarity is unreasonable.

Friendships

Friendships can become difficult when one person expects closeness but doesn’t make room for the other’s needs.

For example, a friend may regularly invite you to group activities but show little interest when you want to have a personal conversation. You may enjoy spending time together but feel that you cannot discuss anything important.

This doesn’t automatically make the friendship fake. Some people are more comfortable in groups than in personal conversations.

However, if the friendship always takes place on the other person’s terms, consider whether both of you are getting what you need from it.

A genuine friendship should give both people room to speak, disagree, and spend time in ways that work for them.

At Work

At work, insincere behaviour can affect how easily you complete your responsibilities and work with others.

For example, a colleague may agree to share important project information but repeatedly leave you out of discussions. You may then receive details late and struggle to finish your part of the work.

Instead of trying to guess why they are doing this, focus on the work itself.

You can ask to be included in relevant discussions, confirm responsibilities through email, and keep a record of important decisions.

If the same issue continues, consider discussing it with your manager or the appropriate person in your organisation.

You don’t have to be close friends with every colleague. A professional relationship can work well when people communicate clearly and respect each other’s responsibilities.

How a Difficult Friendship Can Affect You Emotionally

A friendship can become difficult when you are never quite sure how the other person will treat you. You may start avoiding certain conversations, feel uncomfortable sharing your opinions, or hesitate before asking for help because of how they have responded in the past.

You might also notice that you are less relaxed around this person than you used to be. After meeting them, you may keep thinking about something they said or wonder whether you handled the conversation badly.

Research supports the importance of friendship quality for emotional well-being. A 2023 systematic review of 38 studies found that better-quality adult friendships were generally linked with higher well-being, although the researchers also noted gaps in the available evidence.⁶

If a friendship has been affecting you, consider a few things:

• You question yourself: You keep wondering whether you said something wrong, even when you cannot identify what happened.
• You hold back your opinions: You avoid speaking honestly because previous conversations have left you feeling uncomfortable.
• You lose interest in meeting: You start making excuses to avoid spending time with someone you once enjoyed seeing.
• You blame yourself: You keep thinking you should have handled the friendship differently instead of recognising that both people are responsible for their behaviour.

These experiences don’t mean every difficult friendship is harmful, but they are worth paying attention to.

You can read our guide to emotional awareness if you want to understand your reactions more clearly.

You don’t have to keep a friendship exactly as it was. You can take some distance, change what you share, or have an honest conversation about what is bothering you

What to Do When Someone Repeatedly Disrespects Your Trust

Realising that someone has repeatedly broken your trust can leave you unsure about what to do. You may want to confront them, explain how their behaviour has affected you, or take some distance.

You don’t have to make every decision immediately. Start by looking at what happened and what you need from the relationship.

Explain What Is Bothering You

If you feel comfortable speaking to the person, describe the specific behaviour rather than attacking their character.

For example, instead of saying, “You’re a fake friend,” you could say:

“When you shared something I told you privately, I felt uncomfortable. I don’t want our personal conversations discussed with other people.”

This makes your concern clear and gives the other person an opportunity to respond.

Be Careful About What You Share

If someone has not respected your privacy, you can choose to keep certain matters to yourself.

You don’t have to discuss every personal decision or explain things that you would rather keep private.

Stop Agreeing to Every Request

If someone regularly expects your time and help without considering your needs, you can start saying no when you are unable or unwilling to help.

For example:

“I won’t be able to take this on.”

A short and clear answer is often enough.

Decide Whether You Want to Continue the Relationship

Some problems can be discussed and resolved. Others keep returning even after several conversations.

Look at whether both people are willing to make changes. If you are the only person trying to improve the relationship, you may need to reconsider how much time and attention you give it.

If the situation involves threats, intimidation, or controlling behaviour, put your safety first and seek support from someone you trust.

How to Protect Yourself Without Becoming Distrustful

After a difficult friendship or relationship, you may become more careful about trusting new people. You might question compliments, avoid sharing personal details, or expect others to disappoint you.

Taking time to trust someone is reasonable. But one person’s behaviour doesn’t tell you how every future relationship will work.

Protecting yourself doesn’t mean treating everyone with suspicion. It means knowing what you are comfortable with and allowing people to earn your trust over time.

Be Clear About What You Expect

Think about what matters most in your relationships. Perhaps you value honesty, privacy, or being able to discuss problems without insults.

When you understand your expectations, it becomes easier to recognise when a relationship isn’t working for you.

Don’t Feel Pressured to Share Everything

You can get to know someone without telling them every detail about your life.

Share personal information when you feel comfortable, not because someone expects you to open up before you’re ready.

Keep Other Relationships in Your Life

When one relationship becomes difficult, try not to withdraw from everyone.

Stay connected with people who treat you with care and respect. Having different sources of support can also help you avoid depending on one person for all your emotional needs.

Be Kind Without Ignoring Your Own Needs

Protecting yourself doesn’t mean becoming rude or treating others unfairly.

You can say no without insulting someone. You can disagree without starting an argument. You can leave a relationship without sharing private information or trying to embarrass the other person.

If you find it difficult to say no because you don’t want to disappoint others, our article on stop being nice explores the difference between being kind and ignoring your own needs.

You can remain open to healthy relationships while being careful about whom you trust.

Pay Attention to Patterns, Not Promises

Understanding whether someone is genuine takes time. A friendly conversation, a kind gesture, or an apology can tell you something, but none of these explains the whole relationship.

Pay attention to how people treat you over time, especially when you disagree, set a boundary, or expect them to take responsibility for something.

At the same time, don’t let one difficult relationship make you question every new connection. People have different personalities, communication styles, and ways of showing care.

You can be kind without agreeing to everything. You can forgive someone without giving them the same level of access to your life. And you can step away from a relationship without having to prove that the other person is bad.

You don’t need to suspect everyone to protect yourself. You need to understand what you are comfortable with, notice when someone’s behaviour repeatedly falls short, and make decisions that respect your own needs.

People Also Ask

1. Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Doubleday. ↩︎
2. Bailey, E. R., & Iyengar, S. S. (2022). Yours truly: On the complex relationship between authenticity and honesty. Current Opinion in Psychology, 47, 101419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101419 ↩︎
3. Hancock, P. A., et al. (2023). How and why humans trust: A meta-analysis and elaborated model. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1081086. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1081086 ↩︎
4. DePaulo, B. M., Lindsay, J. J., Malone, B. E., Muhlenbruck, L., Charlton, K., & Cooper, H. (2003). Cues to deception. Psychological Bulletin, 129(1), 74–118. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.74 ↩︎
5. Cameron, L. D., & Overall, N. C. (2018). Suppression and expression as distinct emotion-regulation processes in daily interactions: Longitudinal and meta-analyses. Emotion, 18(4), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000334 ↩︎
6. Adult friendship and wellbeing: A systematic review with practical implications (2023). ↩︎